Spinal bones are stacked in a column from the skull to the tailbone. They protect the spinal cord, which runs through an opening called the spinal canal. Some people are born with a small spinal canal.
The center of the spinal cord is hollow and contains a structure called the central canal, which contains cerebrospinal fluid. The spinal cord is also covered by the meninges and enclosed by the neural arches. Together, the brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system.
Your spinal cord is a tube of tissue that runs from your brain to your lower back. It carries electrical nerve signals that help you move and feel sensations.
The entire spinal column consists of 33 individual bones called vertebrae, plus two sections of naturally fused vertebrae – the sacrum and the coccyx – located at the very bottom of the spine.
The spinal cord consists of bundles of nerve axons forming pathways that carry incoming and outgoing messages between the brain and the rest of the body. The spinal cord contains nerve cell circuits that control coordinated movements such as walking and swimming, as well as urinating.
The spinal cord is located within the vertebrae (the backbone). The spinal cord is divided into four areas, any of which can be affected by spinal cord disorders.
How is a spinal cord injury defined? A spinal cord injury is any damage to the spinal cord that is caused by trauma, rather than a birth defect or medical condition that involves the spinal cord (such as a spinal cord tumor or tethered spinal cord syndrome).