Courtland is an incorporated town in Southampton County, Virginia, United States. It is the county seat of Southampton County. Native Americans of the Cheroenhaka, and Meherrin tribes were the first inhabitants of the land that is now Courtland. Virginia's leaders prohibited Europeans from settling the area that is Courtland during the first 100 years of the colony. Th…Courtland is an incorporated town in Southampton County, Virginia, United States. It is the county seat of Southampton County. Native Americans of the Cheroenhaka, and Meherrin tribes were the first inhabitants of the land that is now Courtland. Virginia's leaders prohibited Europeans from settling the area that is Courtland during the first 100 years of the colony. The Articles of Peace signed between the colony and the natives in 1677 set aside 41,000 acres for use by Nottoway. As a result, the Nottoway established several settlements along the banks of the Nottoway River near what is now Courtland in the late 17th century. As late as 1821, the Nottoways maintained their traditional social order with a female leader.