Syracuse is a city in Otoe County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 1,957 at the 2022 census. Syracuse was laid out in 1…Syracuse is a city in Otoe County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 1,957 at the 2022 census. Syracuse was laid out in 1869 when it was certain that the railroad would be extended to that point. The community was named after Syracuse, New York.