Evansville is a city in Douglas County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 603 at the 2020 census. Evansville was platted in 18…Evansville is a city in Douglas County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 603 at the 2020 census. Evansville was platted in 1879 when the railroad was extended to that point. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.78 square miles, all land.