Courtesy of www.MikeHolt.com. Based on the 2020 NEC. Class 2 circuits are limited to voltage and current values that don’t (usually) present a shock or fire hazard. The power supply for a Class 2 ...

Ladder logic uses switch or relay contacts to implement Boolean expressions. In years past, ladder logic was made possible with discrete relays and was sometimes termed “relay logic.” Today most ...

Today's motors are increasingly driven via electronic controls, which offer better control of speed, position, and torque, as well as much greater efficiency, rather than via direct connection to ...

Higher Capabilities for Safety-Rated Control Circuits A truly reliable safety control system must work even when some parts fail. Force-guided relays are unseen components that add another level of ...

Feedback-control schemes for linear systems have been around since at least the 17 th century, regulating pressure and distance between millstones and then, famously, to control James Watt’s steam ...

For reliability, designers must create flex circuits that are neither too thick nor bend too much. • Every flex circuit has a neutral-bend axis. • Smaller circuit thickness reduces the risk of damage ...

The Machine Primary Control Elements (MPCE) 1 and 2 are typically a relay with force guided contacts. When a safety interlock, light curtain, or e-stop switch opens a circuit, the MPCE NO contacts ...