Faced with the intransigence of the Senate, Caesar and the 13th Legion cross the Rubicon, the official border between Gaul and Italy, a decision that will lead to civil war. 49 B.C. As Caesar ...

In January, 49 BC, he led his troops across the Rubicon River into Italy and started civil war. Caesar scored some early victories and, by 46 BC, was dictator of Rome. After a year spent ...

His prospects were bleak: Rome was dangerous, engulfed by civil war between power-hungry factions. One of these was led by his great-uncle, Julius Caesar. Then Augustus got a lucky break.

Special prosecutors’ investigations of Joe Biden and Donald Trump do not mark the first time political tensions spilled into the justice system. On Jan. 10, 49 B.C., Julius Caesar marched across ...

After eliminating his rivals in a civil war, general and politician Gaius Julius Caesar began serving as dictator of Rome in 49 BCE. He established a number of political reforms before getting ...

What did it mean to be an emperor in ancient Rome? That is the question that Mary Beard sought to answer in her 2023 book, “Emperor of Rome.” She wrote, “Everyone then, including emperors, was ...

From Caesar to Napoleon, the Pyramids to the Parthenon, the Trojan War to the Civil War—National Geographic History draws readers in with more than 5,000 years of people, places, and things to ...

After winning the civil war and the death of his former ally and rival – Pompey the Great – Caesar became the sole master of Rome – a dictator for life. Caesar’s grand plans were cut short ...