Conversion coatings are coating layers applied to the surface of a metal substrate to enhance its appearance and improve physical and chemical properties, such as corrosion resistance and paint ...

Many new materials have been developed, but steel remains the principal construction material for automobiles, appliances, and industrial machinery. Because of steel's vulnerability to attack by ...

Powder coatings, substances that are decorative, protective, or both, are developed by applying a coating powder to a substrate and then fusing the coating into a continuous film by applying heat or ...