The temporal method is a currency translation technique for foreign subsidiaries, allowing profits and losses to be computed ...
We offer a unifying empirical model of covered and uncovered currency premia, interest rates and spot and forward exchange rates, both in the cross section and time series of currencies. We find that ...
Explore currency overlay strategies that separate currency risk from asset management, helping investors mitigate risks and improve international investment decisions.
Under dominant-currency pricing—where many export prices are set in dollars—the real exchange rate allocates export windfalls ...
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Two rates, one currency: The FX reality

By: Confidence AKPLOMEGhana’s FX market shows two prices for the same dollar. This analysis explores how allocation, ...
India’s foreign exchange reserves stood at about 687.26 billion in the portfolio (as of December 12, 2025). That is a good cushion, but the rupee does not stand still — at times it is quite volatile — ...