GUM, the internationally approved technique for calculating measurement uncertainty, is reliant on the availability of a certified reference sample. Likewise, to find any repeatable offset (systematic ...

The technique which is recommended by the regulatory bodies ISO (International Organisation for Standardisation) and BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) is one of the most comprehensive ...

Peak power meters have long been accepted as accurate measurement standards. But just how accurate are these power measurements? Calculating the accuracy of RF peak power measurements requires more ...

All measurements are subject to error. When a reportable value is derived from a measurement or series of measurements, this value is only an estimate of the “true ...

A risk-based guard band surrounds a specification limit and is derived from the uncertainty of the reportable value of the analytical procedure, which includes the uncertainty in the reference ...

With today�s applications requiring lower and lower noise-figure amplifiers, noise-source uncertainty becomes a bigger and bigger concern. Microwave modeling ...