Protein-based therapeutics have transformed treatments for numerous diseases, yet their production remains highly complex and cost-intensive [1][2],[3][4]. Downstream processing (DSP), including ...

Particle size characterization in nanosuspensions often focuses on ‘majority’ features of the size distribution. Yet, for various suspensions in (bio)pharmaceuticals or fine chemicals, small fractions ...

This article evaluates bulk analysis and scratch analysis methods for particle dispersion, highlighting the superiority of ...