Analog computers are systems that perform computations by manipulating physical quantities such as electrical current, that map math variables, instead of representing information using abstraction ...

The equation of motion of a discrete linear system has the form of a second-order ordinary differential equation with three real and square coefficient matrices. It is shown that, for almost all ...

Most linear algebra courses start by considering how to solve a system of linear equations. \[ \begin{align} a_{0,0}x_0 + a_{0,1}x_0 + \cdots a_{0,n-1}x_0 & = b_0 ...

The class of second-order linear dynamical systems is considered. A method and algorithm are presented to transform any system with n degrees of freedom into n independent second-order equations. The ...