Simplicity and low cost sustain the popularity of passive PWM DAC ripple filters despite their limitations. One of these limitations is a high output impedance caused by the series sum of filter ...

This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics. You can build an analog calculator using a pulse-width modulator (PWM) to perform accurate four-quadrant multiplication and division.

Editor’s Note: This is a four-part series of DIs proposing improvements in the performance of a “traditional” PWM—one whose output is a duty cycle-variable rectangular pulse which requires filtering ...