Q. I have prepared projections for a proposed project, and I want to calculate the internal rate of return. Instead of using Excel’s IRR function, should I use simple math formulas so others can ...

Have you ever looked at your rate of return and wondered how to interpret it? How do you know whether your portfolio performance is good, bad, or somewhere in between? And how do you go about ...

The rate of return on an annuity is a crucial aspect to consider when evaluating the suitability of this retirement ...

Chris Gallant, CFA, is a senior manager of interest rate risk for ATB Financial with 10 years of experience in the financial markets. Suzanne is a content marketer, writer, and fact-checker. She holds ...

Real rate of return adjusts for inflation, providing a true growth measure. S&P 500's real rate is 7.9%, versus a nominal 11.8%, due to inflation. Using real rates in retirement planning ensures ...