What methods can be applied to verify PCB functionality and safety? Which are suitable for mass production and for prototypes? What parameters are checked in each test? How to check a PCB without ...

There are a number of complex tasks involved in the manufacturing of electronic assemblies, all of which can go wrong. In order to ensure quality standards are met, the fabrication of the printed ...

In an earlier article, I covered Fire Hazard Tests that form an important part of safety testing for electronic/electrical products. We looked at the standards and equipment used for abnormal heat, ...

Change in life is inevitable. You know this, yet sometimes you just choose not to accept it. You just close your eyes and think the world has also stopped. But even you realize that’s not the case. It ...

Although Low Voltage Directive (LVD) safety testing is perceived as much simpler than EMC or environmental testing, it should not be ignored during CE certification. If a product is unsafe, it can ...

Designing effective insulation relies on three interrelated parameters: clearance, creepage, and dielectric strength. Understanding these factors is crucial for engineering high-voltage or ...

Testing for immunity to electrostatic discharge (ESD), from cell phones to computers, is usually done with the IEC 61000-4-2 standard. 1 But IEC61000-4-2 is purely a systems-level test spec, not a ...