A layout-dependent circuit-design model from Toshiba helps boost gate density and improve cost-performance in next-generation 45-nm CMOS technology. More specifically, 45-nm CMOS gate density can be 2 ...

Multiplying two analog signals involves the use of analog multipliers, usually implemented by using log and antilog circuit blocks or the Gilbert cell. Today, the most common technique used to ...

The design and optimisation of low-power full adders is a critical endeavour in modern electronic engineering. Full adders form the backbone of arithmetic logic units, performing essential binary ...