Integral equations and boundary value problems are fundamental concepts in mathematical analysis, particularly in the fields of physics and engineering. They often arise in the study of potential ...

Fuzzy Fredholm integral equations are a type of mathematical equation that incorporates fuzzy logic, allowing for the modeling of uncertainty and imprecision in various applications. These ...

This title is part of a longer publication history. The full run of this journal will be searched. TITLE HISTORY A title history is the publication history of a journal and includes a listing of the ...

Integral equations in various scientific theories and their relation to differential equations. Methods of solving linear problems with Hilbert Schmidt, Cauchy, and Wiener-Hopf type kernels; ...

We mentioned before about the \(+ c\) term. We are now going to look at how to find the value of \(c\) when additional information is given in the question.

When integrating simple expressions, the constant of integration, the \(+ c\) term, may remain an unknown. The value of \(c\) can be worked out when additional information is given in the question, .