Accurate shape sensing and distal contact force estimation of the flexible continuum robots remains challenging due to critical hysteresis profiles for modeling and the difficulties on sensor ...

One patient with a significant retained lateral clavicular spike required additional surgery for excision. Arthroscopic distal clavicle resection is a safe and effective method of alleviating AC pain.

Figure 4. (Top) Healed clavicular nonunion after open reduction and internal fixation with plate and screw osteosynthesis and intercalary bone grafting.