Known to be relatively stable portions of the Earth's continental crust ... This rollback caused extensional deformation, ...

Around 700 million years ago, the Earth cooled so much that scientists believe massive ice sheets encased the entire planet ...

Earth’s solid outer layer, which includes the crust and the uppermost mantle, is called the lithosphere. It is between 36 and 87 miles (60 and 140 kilometers) thick, a 2023 study in the journal ...

Oct. 30, 2024 — Energy-making chloroplasts from algae have been inserted into hamster cells, enabling the cells to photosynthesize light, according to new research in Japan. It was previously ...

Earth and environmental sciences cover all aspects of Earth and planetary sciences, and broadly encompasses solid Earth processes, surface and atmospheric dynamics, Earth system history, climate ...

Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental physical process in plasmas, through which the magnetic energy is converted into ...

This system is Earth’s structure, together with the internal workings and surface processes, that determine its evolution and current dynamic state. Our scientists study the Earth, and other planets, ...

How Life Began on Earth: Modeling Earth's Ancient Atmosphere Oct. 31, 2024 — This model reveals how vastly different the atmosphere was on ancient Earth, and how life may have first ...