T helper (TH) cells are essential immune cells that help other immune cells function effectively. When activated in response to environmental stimuli, these cells can differentiate into either TH1 ...

Genes contain instructions for making proteins, and a central dogma of biology is that this information flows from DNA to RNA ...

Inter-organelle communication via the formation of membrane contact sites (MCS) is essential for cell homeostasis. Bacterial pathogens residing in membrane bound vacuoles have exploited this ...

Adhesion junction is crucial for the stability of the epithelial lateral membrane and the maintenance of cell polarity. E-cadherin is an essential ... systematic cell biology experiments ...

They swirled together in shallow, primordial brews or near deep-sea ocean vents, where they extracted energy from the environment and reproduced by dividing one cell into two daughter cells. Then, one ...