When the FORTRAN programming language debuted in 1957, it transformed how scientists and engineers programmed computers. Complex calculations could suddenly be expressed in concise, math-like notation ...

Physicists have transformed a decades-old technique for simplifying quantum equations into a reusable, user-friendly "conversion table" that works on a laptop and returns results within hours.

Occam’s razor is the principle that, all else being equal, simpler explanations should be preferred over more complex ones. This principle is thought to guide human decision-making, but the nature of ...