The reflex exam is fundamental to the neurological exam and important to locating upper versus lower motor neuron lesions. There are five deep tendon reflexes and a number of superficial and visceral …

Reflex assessment is an essential part of neurological examination when suspecting radiculopathy as abnormal deep tendon reflexes may help you identify the pathological disc level.

Testing the muscle stretch reflex provides the clinician with a direct way of assessing the peripheral nervous system and an indirect way of examining the central nervous system to determine if an …

Testing for clonus (rhythmic, rapid alternation of muscle contraction and relaxation caused by sudden, passive tendon stretching) is done by rapid dorsiflexion of the foot at the ankle. Sustained clonus …

Oct 2, 2010 · A step-by-step guide to performing upper limb neurological examination in an OSCE setting, with a video demonstration and interactive OSCE checklist.

Jul 20, 2023 · Hoffman’s sign or reflex is a test that doctors use to examine the reflexes of the upper extremities. The sign takes its name from a German neurologist called Johann Hoffman. Other …

Dec 7, 2025 · Understand how to transform a simple reflex test into a comprehensive assessment of your central and peripheral nervous system pathways.

Pressing a tongue blade on the lips tests for the snout reflex. The abnormal response is a pouting of the lips. The root reflex is tested for by gently stroking the lateral upper lip. The abnormal response is …

The biceps, triceps and supinator reflexes are the major motor reflexes of the upper limb. The strength of the reflex, elicited by tapping on the appropriate tendon, can aid in localising a patient's weakness …

To assess symmetry of reflexes, test the same reflex on each side of the body before proceeding. In order to elicit a reflex, one must accurately strike the appropiate muscle tendon while the muscle is …